Egypt civilization
Egypt is considered a country full of human civilization, where the ancient Egyptian man was creative, and he presented great works that made civilization in Egypt a precedent for many civilizations of the world; it is a civilization that dazzled scientists with its innovations, arts, architecture, and thought.
It is worth noting that Egypt was the first country to know the foundations of writing, and invented hieroglyphic letters and symbols in the ancient world, which helped the ancient Egyptians record and record the ancient history that they lived and made, and by this precedent, Egypt moved from the prehistoric era to become the first country in the world to have a history Written, and for this reason I became a mother of all human civilizations, which made her one of the most prominent tourist destinations for tourists and visitors.
The most important landmarks of Egypt
Antiquities of the ancient Egyptians
The ancient Egyptians left impressive monuments worth seeing, including:
- PyramidsThe pyramids are located in the governorate of Giza with a plateau called the Giza plateau, on the western bank of the famous Nile River, and it was built about 25 centuries BC, and consists of three pyramids, namely the pyramid of Khufu, the Khafre pyramid, and Menkaure pyramid, and they are among the most prominent kings of the Covenant The ancient and successors of King Senefru, the founder of the Fourth Dynasty, during whose reign the first pyramid was built in its proper meaning.
The pyramids were used as royal tombs named after the king who was built during his reign and buried in it after his death, and the pyramid style is a stage of the development and prosperity of the tomb architecture, where the tombs began with small pits that later turned into a room below the ground level and then into rooms above the terrace, and then developed to the pyramid The amphitheater, which was built in Saqqara, was followed by two pyramids by King Snefru, followed by the pyramid of Khufu, followed by the pyramids Khafra and Menkaure.
- SphinxIt is a colossal statue lying long ago near the pyramids of Giza in an uncommon shape, where the sphinx is formed from the body of a lion and the head of a human being, so that it has the power of the lion and the wisdom of man, and is located on the plateau of Giza, as it looks east toward Sinai.
The Sphinx is 20 meters high, 73 meters long, and 6 meters wide. This statue was carved by the ancient Egyptians to entrust the task of guarding the tombs in the Pyramids of Giza, and scholars believe that the statue bears the features of King Khafra, who built the second pyramid.
- Abu Simbel TempleThe temple of Abu Simbel was built 3000 years ago, as it took more than twenty years to build it, to be a symbol and an example that shows the pride of Ramses II, Pharaoh of Egypt himself, as well as a memorial to his wife Nefertari and the ancient Egyptian gods. The construction and accuracy of the engineers during that period is evident in its construction, as the sun’s rays perpendicular to the statue twice every year: on February 22 on the occasion of the king sitting on the throne, and on October 22 on the occasion of his birth. These scenes were repeated over 3 thousand years without the sun leaving its date with the statue on these two days.
- Egyptian MuseumThe Egyptian Museum, which is located in Cairo, is considered the most ancient museum of antiquities related to ancient Egyptian civilization in the world, because it includes a large group of rare Egyptian Pharaonic monuments, as it is distinguished from other museums of other Egyptian antiquities that it was built to be a museum unlike many of the international museums that have been converted After being luxurious palaces or buildings, such as the British Museum in London and the Louvre Museum in Paris.
Al-Azhar Mosque
The Al-Azhar Mosque is considered the most important and most prominent mosque in Egypt in the Islamic world, and it is a university and university for more than 1000 years, and is considered the first mosque built in Cairo and the oldest existing impact of the Fatimids in Egypt.
Scholars and historians differed on the reason for naming this mosque and the origin of the designation, and it has been suggested that it was named after this percentage and the sincerity of the daughter of the Messenger Muhammad – peace and blessings be upon him – Fatima Al-Zahra. Among the most prominent scholars whose name Al-Azhar has called:
- Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani.
- Alqalqshndi.
- Ibn Khaldun.
- Generous.
Amr ibn al-Aas mosque
The Amr Ibn Al-Aas Mosque is considered the first Islamic pillar in Cairo, the capital of Egypt, and for its archaeological value and its historical and civilizational role in all aspects of life and fields. Mosques.
It is also the first Islamic university in the past to have universities in Al-Zaytuna, Kairouan, and Al-Azhar, in which students received various sciences, such as the sciences of the Arabic language and the Islamic religion, and it is the only Islamic witness who remains from the period of the Islamic conquest of Egypt. Among the most famous scholars who were disciples:
- al-Emam Al Shafi.
- Mrs. Nafisa.
- Laith bin Saad.
- Ezz bin Abdul Salam.
Abdin Palace and the Dome Palace
Khedive Ismail built the Palace of the Dome, which is famous for the Cairo Palace, and its construction began in 1842 AD, and its name dates back to the name of the region in which it was built, where the name of the palaces is the name of the area in which it is a custom of the princes of the Alawite families, such as the Palace of Abdin as well as the Shubr and Nuzha Palace.
The Palace of the Dome was the private residence of the king, while the Palace of Abdin was the seat of official rule, which explains the lack of important political events in the Palace of the Dome, and also explains the establishment of the joys of the ruling family in it, where the Palace of the Dome does not contain many luxurious halls such as the Abdin Palace that contains The Byzantine Hall and the Throne Hall, except that it contains 425 rooms characterized by beauty, art and creativity, and the most important of its hall is the Qur’an hall designed on the Islamic style, where it contains rare Qur’ans, most notably a copy of the companion of the companion Othman bin Affan – may God be pleased with him -.
According to the historian Dr. Mahmoud Al-Gohary, the Palace of the Dome occupies the second place in terms of the importance of historical palaces in Egypt, where the rulers of the Muhammad Ali family preferred and liked them the Palace of the Dome more than Abdeen Palace because the dome was located in a place far from the hustle and bustle of central Cairo, as well He was out of the sight of curious and curious reporters surrounding him with a massive wall, where King Farouk ordered the construction of this palace in 1942.
The Great Nile River
The Nile River is the second longest river in the world, with a length of 6,690 kilometers from its source in Lake Tanganyika and even its estuary, and separates the land of Egypt from its south to its north, and then separates to branch into two branches, Damietta and Rashid, and flow into the Mediterranean. The Nile provides Egypt with life, prosperity, and development, and this was evident in what Herodotus, the Greek historian, said: (Egypt is the gift of the Nile), where Egypt depends on it in many fields such as agriculture, industry, and energy generation.
Suez Canal
Egypt is the first country in history to cut an industrial channel in its territory, and this was done during the reign of King Senusert III for the connection of the Nile River to the Red Sea, and the channel was opened in 1874 BC, and the idea developed to open the Suez Canal linking the Mediterranean to Port Said area in the Red Sea at the Suez region during the reign of Khedive Ismail in 1869 AD.
The channel provides Egypt with a lot; it helps supply the Republic with the Egyptian national income that goes directly to the state’s treasury through hard currency, and it also provides Egyptian youth with many job opportunities.