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EGYPTIAN Civilization
In Egypt, a great Pharaonic civilization arose over the ancient world, and the ancient pharaohs took an interest in the architectural heritage, because it represents an element of power for the state, in addition to religious reasons; for this, the Egyptian civilization is considered one of the most rich civilizations with the important and distinctive effects that exist to the present day, which is inferred from the bone Egyptian civilization and its history, and we will discuss in this article three effects.
The most important monuments of Pharaonic Egypt
Abu Simbel
Abu Simbel is a site that contains two large temples carved in the rock, located in the belly of the mountain in the south of the city of Aswan, built by King Ramses in 1250 BC. Statues; four of them attributed to King Ramses, and the other two statues of his wife, Nefertari.
Giza Pyramids
The Pyramids of Giza are among the most important and most famous Egyptian pyramids: Khufu, Khafra and Menkaure, built during the era of the empire around 25502480 BC, and they are royal tombs built in a hierarchical form, where each pyramid bears the name of the king in which it was buried, and was the beginning of the hierarchical construction In the necropolis of Saqqara, which is located northwest of the ancient Pharaonic city of Memphis in Giza Governorate by the engineer, Minister of Pharaoh Zoser who is called Imhotep.
The beginning was with a small pit as a cemetery, then it turned into an underground room, then expanded to become a pyramid in the end with six terraces. Then the construction of the pyramids Khafre and Menkaure or Menkaure.
Great Sphinx
The Great Sphinx is one of the most important Egyptian pharaonic monuments, a rock statue of a mythical creature with a human head wearing the clothing of the Pharaohs with a lion’s body, and it is also believed that it was originally covered with a layer of plaster, and also colored, as some traces of colors are still present today to the side of one of the ears of the statue The statue is located on the Giza Plateau near the Nile River on its West Bank, where there are the three pyramids of Giza and its length is about 73.5 meters, and its highest height is twenty meters from the surface of the earth to the top of its head.
Opinions vary to this day about what the statue is and what it represents, there are those who are likely to belong to King Khafra, who combines the power of the lion on the one hand, and the wisdom of man on the other hand, and another opinion that King Khufu built is because of the similarity of the sphinx’s face to a statue attributed to Khufu.
There are those who say that he represents the sun god who is called Hor-M-sister who means Horus on the horizon, as he represents a picture of the god Atom, which is the sun at sunset, in terms of the presence of the temple opposite this statue, which was dedicated to conducting the religious rituals of the sun god, As for the issue of the builder of the statue, it is an unresolved issue until now, and research is still ongoing.
