Belgium
Belgium is known (in English: Belgium) as a European country located in the northwestern part of the continent of Europe, bordered by a group of countries from its four sides, namely the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, and France, the system of government is represented by the constitutional monarchy since its independence and recognition as an official state The Belgian society is considered a diversified one, as frequent migrations to Belgium contributed to the emergence of that cultural and social diversity that affected public life in it.
The capital of Belgium
Brussels is the official capital of Belgium (English: Brussels), and it is one of the largest population societies in Belgium, as it contains 19 municipalities that each form their own administrative rule, and in the period in which Belgium became an official federal state, the city of Brussels has become its capital, as well as Its region is considered one of the most important regions in Belgium, as it has the headquarters of the European Union, and is also classified as the center of international and commercial governance that contributed to its classification among the most important cities in the world, such as New York in America, Paris in France, London in Britain, and Tokyo in Japan.
Brussels is the commercial, administrative and financial center of Belgium. Therefore, it contains most of the governmental and international institutions and companies, and it is considered one of the important tourist cities that many tourists visit annually, and it flourished a lot in recent years due to its success in hosting European meetings at the level of the European Union, which led to Call it the name of the capital of Europe. Brussels is located in the northern part of Belgium, and most of its inhabitants speak the French language in addition to the old Flemish language.
Date
Belgium was in the past part of a Roman province known as Belgium, and later named after it, and Belgium’s territories have been occupied more than once. In the twelfth century AD, it was divided into two parts: Luxembourg and the Grand Duchy of Brabant. In the fifteenth century AD, it became part of the group of states belonging to Emperor Charles V, the most famous of which was the Netherlands and Luxembourg, but the Netherlands gained its independence, and the southern part of it remained subordinate to the Spanish forces until 1713AD.
In the period of wars that came after the French Revolution, Belgium was joined to French rule, but after the end of Napoleon’s rule, it was announced at the Vienna Conference in 1815 that Belgium became part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and the Belgian people rose against the Dutch rule until they managed to obtain their independence within the London Conference. In the period between 1830-1831 AD.
During the First World War, Germany occupied Belgium in 1914 AD, and in 1950 the Belgian government managed the affairs of the state, especially after the end of the Second World War, and the exit of Belgium from under the authority of the German Nazi occupation, and this contributed to strengthening its existence as an independent country, but in 1951 AD a group broke out Among the popular revolutions due to the establishment of colonies on the territory of African countries, the Belgian government decided to grant independence to both the Congo in 1960 AD, and Rwanda in 1962 AD. In 1994, a new constitution was adopted for Belgium, which contributed to the organization of its society, and to promoting the adaptation of its social components.
Geographical topography
The total geographical area of Belgium reaches 30,513 km², and its lands witness a geographical diversity, and its mountains are not considered large, but a group of rivers are spread in it, the most famous of which are the Schelde River and the Meuse River, and in general, the terrain in Belgium is divided into the following regions:
- Lowland, coastal and inland lands: It is the lands that make up the northern part of Belgium, and the sandy areas cover most of its private areas, especially the coastal plain that belongs to them. These lands are called Bouldrat.
- The Cumberland regionIt is a region called the Campaign region, located in the northeastern side of Belgium, and this area was not inhabited by residents in the past, and it contained a group of swamps and forests until coal was discovered on its land, which contributed to its transformation into the most important industrial areas The Belgian.
- Low central plateaus: It is the regions that are located in the center of Belgium, and contains the best types of soil, and the largest Belgian cities; specifically the capital, Brussels, and the city of Liege.
- The JordaniansThey are rims of limestone valleys and sandy rocks, located on the southeastern side in the eastern part of Belgium, and they are among the least populated areas, as they are not suitable for agriculture.
the climate
The rainy climate is considered to be prevalent in Belgium, with cold weather in summer and mild winter, while western winds affecting Belgium’s climate raise the air humidity levels and contribute to moderate air temperatures. The average temperature in the capital, Brussels, ranges between 18 degrees Celsius in July, while the average rainfall falls to 70 cm in coastal areas, while in the Jordanians it reaches 100 cm.
demographics
The estimated number of the Belgian population is 11,409,077 inhabitants, while the assets of the population are distributed among the Flemishs by 58%, the Walloon by 31%, and the remaining 11% are made up of diverse ethnic groups. The Dutch language is the official language in Belgium, and other languages are also used in it, which is the French language and the German language. The majority of the population is spread in civilized areas by 97%, specifically in the capital, Brussels, and in the northern part of Belgium, while the southeastern side is sparsely populated.
Economy
The Belgian economy depends on modern projects, specifically in the fields of trade and industry, and agricultural production is spread in populated areas that contain natural resources. In 2015, the gross domestic product in Belgium witnessed a remarkable growth of 1.4%, while the fiscal budget deficit reached 2 , 7%, and it is offset by a steady unemployment rate of 8.6%.