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Egypt
Egypt (officially: the Arab Republic of Egypt) is a country located in the northern region of the continent of Africa, and in the southwestern part of the continent of Asia, and most of Egypt’s geographical lands are located in the northeastern part of Africa, and Sinai is the Egyptian link between the continents of Africa and Asia.
Egypt shares political borders with a group of countries, namely Libya, Sudan, and Palestine, and it also has natural maritime borders with the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
Cairo is the capital of Egypt
Cairo is the official capital of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It is located in the northern part of the country, near the eastern and western banks of the Nile, between longitude 25, 37 from the east, and latitude 22, 32 from the north. The estimated number of people in Cairo, according to the Central Agency for Mobilization and Statistics, reached 9,630,500 in 2020.
The city of Cairo was known to the ancient Pharaohs, and it was called in the Pharaonic era the name (from Nefer) and its meaning is the beautiful port, as it was known by many titles, including the guarded, and the city of a thousand minarets, and the jewel of the East, and some opinions indicate that Cairo was the capital of Egypt since the year 98 AD. Cairo contains many historical residential neighborhoods, the most famous of which are Mrs. Zainab and Hussein. There are also Islamic palaces, including the Prince Muhammad Ali Palace and the House of Suhaimi.
Geographical nature
The area of the city of Cairo is about 3084,676 km². Most of the land of Egypt is covered by low sands and desert depressions within the Western Desert and the Libyan Desert, and in the southwestern side of Egypt the highlands of the Great Gulf Plateau rise up to 609 AD, and the extension of the Nile River affects the division of the Egyptian lands, as it flows to the northern side of the Mediterranean, and surrounds it The Nile Valley, which is considered the only land with fertile soil in Egypt, and there are 98% of the population on this valley, and the industrial Suez Canal is also one of the most important Egyptian geographic forms, and it connects both the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, and is located on its destination Oz Sinai Peninsula and Lake Nasser is considered the most famous and largest Egyptian water lakes were created in conjunction with the establishment of the Aswan Dam, which completed in 1970.
the climate
A set of influences affects the prevailing climate in Egypt, including its geographical location overlooking the Mediterranean Sea on the northern side and the Red Sea on the eastern side, with an impact on the desert lands that make up many of its regions; therefore the hot climate is the effect on Egypt, and climate seasons are divided It is divided into two seasons, the extremely hot and dry summer, which extends from May to October, and the rainy and mild winter, and extends from November to April.
January is the coldest month in Egypt, and the average temperature in Cairo reaches 18 ° C. July is the hottest month, as the average temperature reaches 36 ° C in Cairo, the more The trend was towards the southern regions, which led to an increase in heat. As for the northern regions, they have a moderate climate during the summer season, due to the blowing of the northern winds. The humidity decreases when heading from the northern part to the southern part in Egypt, but it increases at the coastal region of the Mediterranean.
demographics
According to the Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, the population of Egypt reached approximately 92,562,000 within the estimates for the year 2020 AD, and based on estimates for the year 2006 AD, the Egyptians (the indigenous population) are the most prevalent in the population community, and the Arabic language is the official language in addition to using both the French language and the language English, according to population estimates for the year 2012 AD Islam spreads among the population at a rate of 90%, and Christianity also spreads at 10%. Government spending on health in 2014 reached 5.6 percent, and government spending on education in 2008 reached 3.8 percent of GDP.
Economy
The Egyptian economy depends on the socialism system in accordance with the Constitution of Egypt in 1971, and it has contributed to supporting the acquisition of the population on the means of production, and the Egyptian government has been keen to nationalize many economic sectors, whether public or related to the existence of government control over it, the most important of which are communications, and financial services, Industry, trade, and other sectors, and the economy in Egypt depends on private projects, especially in the fields of agriculture and real estate. Cairo is considered the central economic zone in the state, as it contains the main markets, as well as the headquarters of many major companies and institutions, such as the stock market.
Since 1980, economic expenditures on defense have been reduced, which has contributed to increasing private financial allocations in developing infrastructures, such as telephone lines, oil pipelines, bridges, etc., and this has led to an increase in the flexibility of the economy in Egypt, resulting in an increase in the share of individuals within The gross domestic product, however, the Egyptian economy faces many obstacles, which have led to keeping the standard of living in Egypt low compared to population density and limited economic resources, which depend mainly on natural resources to support the economy.
Financial activities in Egypt go back to the nineteenth century AD, as in 1858 AD, the Bank of Egypt was established, and then many other banks appeared, such as the Anglo-Egyptian Bank, the French Bank, the Ottoman Bank, the Greek and italyn banks, and in 1960 AD many banks were nationalized In particular, the Egyptian central bank, and in 1970 the Egyptian government reorganized the banking sector, which led to the emergence of new banks, as the goal was to support the presence of foreign banks, while implementing a program aimed at liberalizing the Egyptian economy, and building joint projects between international and Egyptian banks .
