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Ireland
Ireland (English: Ireland); it is a country located in the northwestern part of the continent of Europe, officially known as the Republic of Ireland, and its area is equivalent to five-sixths of the island located on it, which is considered one of the British islands, and Ireland is called the Emerald Island, because of the beauty Its rural lands, while a sixth of the remaining geographic area of the island is found in Northern Ireland of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland gained independence from Britain in 1921, and the euro is its official currency.
The capital of Ireland
Dublin is the official capital of the Republic of Ireland, and is located near the eastern coasts of the County of Leinster, at the Gulf of Dublin near the Irish Sea. Dublin is the main port of the country, and the official center of commercial, financial and cultural authorities, and most of the capital’s residents live in its cultural areas, The city center is divided from the northern side to the south side of the Levi River to the O’Connell Bridge linking the Dublin sections, and the city contains a group of buildings that date back to the eighteenth century AD, and is considered an image of the nature of Georgian architecture The Old Town, as well as the National Irish Theater, and many other monuments.
Dublin contains many cultural attractions, including the Sports Association, which was established in 1884 to revive the Irish Games, and also contains the National Museum, the Irish Private Museum of Modern Art, and many other places, especially private art exhibitions.
Geographical topography
Ireland’s lands are located on bases dating back to ancient times, and its geographical topography has been exposed to a set of changes, and subsequently led to the emergence of many metamorphic, sandy and limestone rocks, where some basaltic features covered the northeastern parts of the island of Ireland, and affected the eras and a host of other geographical factors. Like rain and humidity on many of its lands, while in the Mediterranean region there is a network of valleys, and contains a group of rivers linked to weak and continuous slopes, as well as many rocky hills and plateaux appear in the southern regions. Dublin has an estimated geographical area of 118 km2.
Ireland has a range of mountain ranges of varying heights within Ireland, including the North West Mountain Range, the most famous of which are the Mayo Mountains, and the Connemara Mountains that contain a group of crystalline rocks resulting from ice, while the eastern mountain range contains a group of metamorphic rocks found at the summit of Mount Erigal, In southern Ireland, there is a series of high mountains, which are the highest mountains in the country. The summit of Mount Carinthia is the highest with a height of about 1041 m. Also, a group of southern mountains extend, including Wicklow Mountains, which is a block of granite. Above it is a quartzite cover.
the climate
The prevailing climate in Ireland is considered moderate due to the wind blowing from the western and southwestern sides, across the northern side of the Atlantic Ocean, which led to the winter being warm, and the summer being cool on most continental land. Average temperatures during the year reach 10 degrees Celsius, while the monthly average temperature ranges from 4 degrees in January, to 16 degrees in July. The average annual rainfall is less than 76 cm in areas near the capital Dublin, and rises to more than 254 cm in most mountainous areas, and the average wind speed in the West Coast region is 26 kilometers per hour. The average temperature in Dublin in January and February is 6 ° C, while in July and August, the maximum temperatures reach 20 ° C.
demographics
Dublin’s population in 2015 is 1,169,000, according to the United Nations, out of Ireland’s total population of 4,952,473 people, according to 2016 statistics. Irish (indigenous people) account for 84.5%, Asians constitute 1.9%, and the remaining percentages are distributed among residents of mixed minorities. English is considered the official and most used language in Ireland, and traditional Irish is used as a second language Many residents yen, and is the Catholic Christian religion most prevalent at 84.7%, according to statistical estimates for 2011. The rate of spending on education is approximately 5.3% in the statistics for 2013, while spending on health is estimated at 7.8% in the results of the year 2014G of the value of the country’s GDP.
Economy
Ireland’s economic sector is relatively recent, and depends mainly on trade. Ireland is one of the first countries to activate the use of the euro in 2002, and the average development of the country’s GDP has reached about 6% in the time period between the years 1995-2007 AD, but as a result For the global economic crisis, the growth of economic activity decreased significantly, as a result of which a collapse in the field of local industries in particular in the real estate markets, as a sharp decrease in the proportion of revenues and subsequently led to an increase in the budget deficit, and reflected on the stability of the financial and banking sector and became weak in a way marked. Dublin contains many local economic sectors, the most important of which is a group of projects in information technology, chemicals, financial services and others.
The Irish government sought to address the economic crisis that affected its economy, and worked to create a series of financial budgets in 2009; however, these measures were not appropriate to achieve the full stability of public financial policy in the country, and the budget deficit reached 32.4% of the value of GDP in the year 2010 AD, and at the end of the same year the government obtained a group of financial loans from the European Union, amounting to $ 92 billion, and helped to restore the banking sector in Ireland, and contributed to the payment of accumulated debt.
Ireland managed – at the end of 2013 – to succeed in getting rid of the financial and economic crisis, and in 2014 the gross domestic product witnessed a growth of 5.2%, the financial deficit decreased to 2.5% of the value of the GDP, and the government’s austerity measures were reduced And, taking advantage of tax revenues to support public spending, and this led to the emergence of new growth in GDP, which reached 7.8% in 2015, and was classified for the second year among the highest growth among the European Union countries.
