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Sultanate of Oman
The Sultanate of Oman is a country from the Arab countries located in the Arabian Peninsula, and is considered the second largest country in the Arab region after the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, bordered by both the Strait of Hormuz and the Arabian Sea, and from the western side of the Republic of Yemen, and also bordered by the United Arab Emirates, and the Kingdom of Arab In Saudi Arabia, the territories of the Sultanate of Oman are generally considered to be strategic locations, which have contributed to making Oman one of the countries that represent an important link between many regions of the Arabian Peninsula.
The capital of Oman
The city of Muscat is the official capital of the Sultanate of Oman, located on the coast of the Gulf of Oman within a geographically diversified region, and spread on its land volcanic mountains, as the city connects a wild road between its west and south. In the year 1508 AD, the city of Muscat was within the Portuguese control that continued in it until the year 1650 AD, and most of the ancient and historical civilizational landmarks of the city of Muscat are still standing until this time, as witnesses the diversity of urban aspects, such as the Arab, Persian, Indian, African, and modern architectural models, as well as The city of Muscat contains the Omani National Museum, and it is classified as one of the important commercial cities.
Date
In the sixth century B.C., the Persians invaded the Omani regions and their residents resisted them from the Azadi people, and since that time many of the Azad tribes ruled them.
Since the year 746 AD, Oman became a follower of the rule of the imams, and its people were able at that time to repel the attack that they were subjected to by the Indians and the Ethiopians. Oman witnessed a development in its society, and it had a strong land and maritime army, and contributed to imposing Omani sovereignty over parts of the Arab Gulf region To death, but Oman suffered from civil wars, which led to its division into a group of vulnerable entities.
In 1498 AD, the Portuguese army arrived in Oman, and after carrying out a series of massacres that included killing the Omani people and destroying their society, the Portuguese forces managed in the sixteenth century AD to take control of large lands in Oman, and in the seventeenth century AD the Arab family ruled the Omani lands.
In the eighteenth century AD, the Arab family was dispersed, and the European colonial states at that time were striving to control the Arab regions, and the Omani society was suffering from various disturbances, which led Ahmad bin Saeed Al-Hakim at that time to use the British forces to maintain his rule, and this facilitated it Control of Omani lands by dividing them, and civil wars continued to affect Oman, especially with Britain’s control of its territory.
The Omani people were not satisfied with the continuation of British colonial policy on their land, so he asked Sultan Ahmed to abdicate the rule for his son Saeed, but the Omani revolution that included many Omani regions continued, and the issue of Oman was presented to the United Nations in order to demand the departure of British forces from its land, and he Sultan Qaboos bin Saeed, with a very important step, he received the rule of the Sultanate in place of his father, Sultan Saeed, and was able to achieve independence for Oman in 1971AD.
Geographical topography
The total geographical area of the Sultanate of Oman reaches 309,000 km2, and its terrain is divided into the following:
- Musandam DistrictIt is an area divided into two parts:
- The northern section: is the section that contains the island of Jerry, and various bays, such as: Gulf of Asham, and the Gulf of Jabalin.
- The southern section: It is the section that consists of a group of rugged limestone mountains, known as the Heads of Mountains.
- Oman MountainsThey are mountains located in the northern side of the Sultanate of Oman, and it has a base of various rocks, such as: fiery, sedimentary, and basaltic. One of the most famous mountains of Oman is Jabal Al Akhdar, which is a plateau composed of lime. The eastern mountains are also considered one of the most important geographical topography in the Sultanate of Oman, and the Omani mountains are of great importance in many economic and tourism fields.
- Coastal plainsIt is the plains that form part of the special terrain in Oman. One of the most important is the inner plains, which are considered among the diverse regions in their natural features.
the climate
The prevailing climate in Oman is a dry desert, and there is an increase in temperatures in most days of the year, especially in the high areas and islands, so the temperature during the daytime exceeds 45 degrees Celsius, while the average temperature in the cold months reaches approximately 20 degrees Celsius, and given the geographical location of Oman Rainfall is seasonal, especially in the time period that is accompanied by the presence of air depressions, but the southern regions of Oman witness seasonal rains in the summer season, particularly in the Dhofar Mountains region where clouds converge on their elevated areas so they Rainfall on the mountains, which contributes to the improvement of the agricultural sector, and the growth of various plants and trees.
demographics
The estimated number of the population of the Sultanate of Oman is 3,355,262 people, and Omani society is considered one of the population diversified population. The origins of the population belong to the Arabs who lived on Omani lands since its foundation, and to the tribes and immigrant ethnic groups, such as the Baluch tribes, the countries of South Asia, such as Pakistan, such as Pakistan And Bangladesh, and from the countries of the continent of Africa. The Arabic language is the official language in the Sultanate of Oman, and the English language is used as a second language in many public areas.
