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Poland

Poland (English: Poland); it is a country located in the middle of the continent of Europe. They are: the Senate and the House of Representatives, the government is responsible for managing state affairs, and the judiciary is represented by the Supreme Court and depends on the particiAl Bahahn of the courts in the regions and governorates. Poland shares its borders with a group of countries and regions, as it is bordered by the northern part of Russia and the Baltic Sea, and from the east it is bordered by Ukraine, Lithuania and Belarus, while from the southern side it shares borders with the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and from the west it is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany.

The capital of Poland

Warsaw is the official capital of Poland and is located in the central eastern side of the country. The city suffered in the past from the Prussian-Swedish occuAl Bahahn between 1655 AD -1656 CE, and Russian forces attacked it in 1794 AD, and the city was destroyed by German forces in 1944 CE. However, people were later able to return to it and restore life to it, because it is the Polish capital, and the main center for many political, social, scientific, economic, and cultural fields, and many of the landmarks in the city, such as buildings, roads, and others, have been restored. Warsaw contains many landmarks, the most important of which is the National Museum of Art, the building of the theater, radio and television, as well as the headquarters of the orchestra and the National Opera House, and also contains a group of gardens, which help in the exercise of many types of sports.

Geographical topography

The total geographical area of ​​Warsaw is 495 km², out of the area of ​​Poland that constitutes about 312,685 km², and its terrain is divided into a group of ranges extending in all the northern, southern, eastern and western sides, the following information about:

  • Coastal Plain: It is a group of low lands, located near the sea coast of the Baltic Sea, and includes all of the Gulf of Gdansk on the eastern side, and Pomeranian Bay on the western side, and the height of the plains ranges between 50 m-100 m above sea level, and its lands contain a group of sediments Sand that appeared after the ice melted, and a group of coastal lakes and dunes spread along the coast.
  • Lakes: It is the region located on the southern side of the coastal plain, and it consists of hills and low plains that contain many lakes. This region is divided into two parts, which are Pomeranian region in the northwestern side, and the Mazuriya region located between the Al-Bouj River and the Valley of the Vistula River, and it connects (between the two regions in the north A coastal plain is the lowest elevation.
  • Central Poland depressions: It is made up of three regions that extend from the western side to the eastern side, and they are:
    • The Mazovian region is to the east, and Warsaw is the main city.
    • Greater Poland region is low, and the city of Poznan is the center.
    • The Silesian region on the southwestern side.
  • Lesser Poland Highlands: They are heights composed of a western eastern line, and contain the Lublin Mountains, which reach a height of more than 400 meters.
  • Sudet Mountains: It is a series of mountains that draw a line near the southwestern border shared with the Czech Republic, and the summit of Mount Seneco is considered the highest mountain peak with a height of 1602 m.
  • Carpathian Mountains: It is a mountain with an alpine pattern extending along the southern borders of the state of Poland, and the Tatra Mountains are considered one of its mountains and reach a height of 2499 m, with its northern slopes overlapping in the Polish lands, and it contains a group of valleys that form the waterways of rivers, including the Danube and the Oder River, among others.

the climate

The continental climate is the predominant in Poland, where it is affected by western winds, and the areas in the southern section are considered wet, with a cool summer and fluctuating winter between cold and moderate, and the average general temperatures reach approximately 7 degrees Celsius, and the average temperature ranges in the city of Warsaw Between 6- to 1- degrees Celsius in January, while in July, the average temperature ranges between 13-24 degrees Celsius. Rainfall often falls during the summer months, and the average annual rainfall ranges between 50 cm in low places and 135 cm in mountainous areas, while the average annual rainfall during the year reaches 64 cm. The average annual temperature in Warsaw is 8 degrees Celsius, in July, the temperature reaches 19 degrees Celsius, and the average temperature in January reaches 3 degrees Celsius.

demographics

The estimated number of Warsaw residents – according to the United Nations – is 1,722,000 in 2015, out of a total population of Poland of 38,523,261 according to 2016 statistics. Estimates of 2011 indicate that the Polish society is divided into various ethnic groups, namely the Poles by 96.9%, the Silesians by 1.1%, the Germans by 0.2%, the Ukrainians by 0.1%, and other minorities by 1.7%, The Polish language is considered the official language in the country, in addition to the use of a group of traditional languages ​​such as Silesian, and the Christian religion is the most prevalent according to the estimated results for the year 2012 AD at 87.2%. The government spending on education is about 4.9% of GDP during 2013 statistics.

Economy

Poland relied on implementing the economic liberalization policy of its economy since 1990; which contributed to preserving the Dutch economy, and helping the state to avoid economic stagnation during the economic crisis in 2008, and the Netherlands’s particiAl Bahahn within the European Union countries contributed to its economic assistance since 2004 AD, but The Dutch per capita share of GDP is small compared to the overall average of the European Union, and in contrast, the Netherlands has a low rate of unemployment. In the year 1980 AD, the percentage of workers in the manufacturing sector accounted for one third of the workforce, and the most important economic areas in Warsaw are banking services, the chemical industry, textiles, and insurance companies.
The Polish government worked to manage economic affairs with administrative and financial skills, and later contributed to supporting many economic reforms, pension and tax systems; in order to provide more support to the public financial sector that helped maintain an economic reserve since 2014, and also government economic policies contributed to Supporting economic growth in the long run, but the Polish economy faces a set of challenges that have affected many economic sectors, the most important of which are: the business environment, projects, energy, investment and development-related investments Th.

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