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Maghreb

The countries of the Arab Maghreb are one of the most beautiful countries and regions of the world as a whole, they have a very important and sensitive location on the Mediterranean in addition to being very beautiful and ecological diversity, this is about their historical and cultural value as these countries have the advantage that they have had a great role throughout history, especially in the time of The Arab Islamic civilization and its accompanying events are very important at all levels, whether political, economic or civilization, from which many distinguished scholars emerged in all different fields, except for the purity of the two important countries on them, the Almoravid and Almohad states, which prolonged the age of existence My Islamic lord in Andalusia for an additional period. Had it not been for these two countries, the Arab-Islamic presence would have been much less, and the reason for that in particular is due to the Muslim ruler Yusuf bin Tashafin, the greatest ruler of the Almoravid dynasty, especially after the Battle of Zalqa, which the Europeans said about had it been exploited by Yusuf bin You see, all of Europe was subject to it then.

The Maghreb countries are famous for many cities, and they are distributed between Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Libya, and one of the most famous of these cities is the Moroccan city of Fez.

An overview of the Moroccan city of Fez

Fez is one of the largest cities in the Kingdom of Morocco, which is located in the far west of the Arab world, as this city is the second largest city located within the borders of the Kingdom of Morocco in terms of population, if we take the city itself, the population of about one million nine hundred thousand people, but we calculated the population of this The city, in addition to the population of the neighboring regions, its population will have reached approximately two million and perhaps more. These numbers refer to the statistics of the year 2010 AD, a city that was established in the year 172 of the noble prophetic migration (the year 789 AD) by Moulay Idris The first who founded states Idrisiya, and this city was called by this name because its founding founder, Idris I, when he first came to it and wanted him and those with him to establish a state in this city, struck a blow in the ax, which is the first strike hit on this land marking the start of construction of the city, and from here came Naming, that is, because of the first blow to the land of this city. The city of Fez is divided into three main sections. The first section is the new city and it is called the new Fez. The second section is the old Fez and it is called the Fez El Bali. Finally, the modern section that the French added when they occupied the countries and cities of the Arab Maghreb in the modern era. This city is located on an area of ​​about 500 square kilometers, while its height above sea level is approximately 400 meters.

History of the city of Fez

As we said, thanks to the establishment of this ancient city goes back to Idris I (Idris bin Abdullah) in the year 789 AD, where he chose the location of this city to be close to the Fez River, specifically on its right bank, and after the Idrisites had finished establishing this city, the rural families began arriving On this city, where the villagers founded or neighborhoods in this city named the neighborhood of the enemy of the villagers, in addition to the villagers, many people, such as the Andalusians, who flocked to a neighborhood known as the enemy of the Andalusians and the Jews who founded a neighborhood, came to know it as the neighborhood of al-Mallah. After the expiry of the founder Idris I, Idris II, son of Idris I, established another city, as he chose a site for it on the left bank of the Fez River, because, as we said, the right bank of Fez was the city that Idris I founded. When Yusuf bin Tashfin and the Almoravid state entered Fez, this great leader ordered the unification of this city and its east did not include the right of the West Bank in the north, until this city became the base of the war state in the Moroccan north, except for being one of the most important scientific and literary centers in the region, this city included a university The villagers established in the year 859 AD, which students intended to take advantage of their endless science from all over the world.

Historically, the city of Fez was one of the main axes of the struggle between the Andalusian Umayyads and the Fatimids in Tony, Libya and Egypt. This city remained under the Umayyad Umayyad rule for more than thirty years, and when the influence of the Andalusian Umayyads disappeared, this city was ruled by the princes of Zenata, until it was captured by the Almoravid dynasty, then Then the Almohad state took it, and then the Banu Marin took it, and during their reign the new Fez was built. In the year 1649 AD, Fat became the center of the Moroccan Alevi state. Recently, in the year 1912 AD, Fez became the capital of the modern Kingdom of Morocco, and after that, the capital was converted into the Moroccan Rabat. Since then, the inhabitants deserted this city, especially the Jews, which greatly affected this city, especially in the economic aspects of the city.

What is the ancient city famous for?

The designers of cities and their daughters have admired the city of Fez over time, and this is because of their excessive admiration for them, because they were greatly influenced by it when they wanted to design cities at later times. This is the ancient city of Cairo, the ancient Egyptian city, which affected those who designed it in Fez, so he tried to drop the beauty that he saw in it The city of Cairo, there was a similarity in the doors, in addition to Cairo containing an ancient university, Al-Azhar University, and Fez contained the University of Al-Karaouine.

Fez is characterized by many of the features that are famous for, the most prominent of which are the doors and fences. Among the most important and most prominent sections of the city are the doors of shops, the door of the burned, the door of the Khokha, the door of the conquest, the door of the Father of the Church, the door of the cyst, the door of Sidi Boujeda, the door of Ziyat, the door of Shams, the door of Gabala, the door of the Smaren, the door of the tower and the door of the father of soldiers. As these doors go back to the time of the Mrenin, and within the city walls there are approximately ten thousand buildings of the original buildings that in addition to nearly 70 km of water channels, and there are many fountains, which number in 4000 fountains, in addition to To old houses, ornate doors and various orchards. In addition to that, there are many different and varied hospitals located outside the doors, and there are many archaeological mosques that are famous for, the most famous of which are the al-Qarawiyyin Mosque, the Andalusian Mosque, the Alhambra Mosque and the Sidewalk Mosque.

Fez is famous for and distinguished by the large and varied scientific and cultural movement in this city, which is a large real museum whose tools are still used and displayed at the same time, as it contains many features and symbols of this except for its ancient history extending, so there is no harm in saying that it is a museum An Islamic and witness to the ages and history and an important spot in the most prosperous part of the Islamic world.

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