Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina is known in the English language as: (Bosnia and Herzegovina), which is a European country located in the southeastern side of the continent of Europe, and it extends over a geographical area within the Balkan Peninsula, and Bosnia and Herzegovina overlooks the Adriatic Sea that is related to the Mediterranean, and Bosnia and Herzegovina has acquired On Yugoslavia, on 3 March 1992, after a popular referendum in which most of the Bosnian people participated, the government in Bosnia and Herzegovina was able to conclude a set of agreements that guarantee the maintenance of peace with its neighboring countries, especially Serbia, which I rejected the independence decision from Yugoslavia.
The capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The city of Sarajevo is considered the political, administrative, economic and social capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and there is the seat of the Bosnian government, along with many other governmental institutions, and the diplomatic buildings of the countries that have ties with Bosnia and Herzegovina in official political relations, and Sarajevo is known in the English language (Sarajmo). This name is (Sirajevo), and the name of the city of Sarajevo is written in the Bosnian language as it is written in the English language.
Sarajevo is distinguished by its high population density among the Bosnian cities, as its population constitutes 10% of the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and geographically, Sarajevo is one of the most important and largest cities in the Balkan Peninsula, and its geographical area reaches 141.5 km2 from the center of the city and the Bosnia The eastern side and administratively follow the city of Sarajevo to the Sarajevo region, which is one of the most important administrative and political regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Geography of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina is bordered by the eastern side of the State of Serbia, while from the southeastern side is the State of Montenegro, and it is bordered by the three western, northern, and southern sides, the state of Croatia, which shares the Adriatic Sea in its borders from the southern side, and geographically divides Bosnia and Herzegovina into two parts, namely:
- Bosnia SectionIt is the section that is located in the northwestern region of the Balkans, and Bosnia has got its name from the Bosnian River, which is one of the most famous rivers in its territory, and it is likely that the name of Bosnia is derived from one of the ancient languages and the meaning of running water, and since the tenth century AD On many diverse geographical lands between plains, rivers, and plateaus, which is reflected in the beauty of its green nature, which contributed to its development in many public areas.
- Herzegovina sectionIt is the second section that is considered smaller than the Bosnian section, and it shares the geographical borders with the State of Montenegro, and the city of Mostar is the administrative capital of the region, while the name of Herzegovina is derived from the title that was known to the rulers of Herzegovina and its meaning the Prince, and Herzegovina contains a group of lands Al-Sahliah, green areas, and urban areas that cover part of its geographical area.
After the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina together, their common geographical area reached about 19768 square miles, which is equivalent to 51,197 km², and the Danube basin forms a large part of its territory that also contains a group of mountainous heights, along with many lands full of rocks and various types of minerals.
The climate of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The climate of Bosnia and Herzegovina is seasonal, as it tends to be very cold in the winter season, and in the summer season rain falls in various quantities before the general weather conditions turn to warm, but the general climate of the city may become dry in winter, very hot in summer, and average temperatures reach Bosnia and Herzegovina to approximately 20 ° C.
Population composition of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Bosniaks are among the first inhabitants in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in the seventh century AD they were the largest nationalities living in Bosnian lands, and they were not the original inhabitants, but their solid grandparents managed to control the Bosnian lands after participating in many wars with the Romans and other peoples.
At the present time, the Bosniacs (Bosnians) make up 50% of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the rest of the population are distributed among the Serbs, Croats and other minorities, and both the Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian languages are considered official languages in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Islam is the religion The most prevalent among the population is 40%, hence Christianity and some other religions, while the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina reaches approximately 3.9 million.
The economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina is distinguished by the presence of many natural resources in its lands, which led to its remarkable economic growth, and contains a large reserve of iron and coal, which contributed to the development of both the mining and energy sectors that depend on coal in support of many public areas, As for the agricultural sector, it is one of the most important economic sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian agricultural lands produce many types of vegetables, fruits, and grains, such as: cherries, corn, potatoes, wheat, and others, which led to the dependence of the economy in Bosnia on the interest in ENTA. C fresh and canned vegetable food.
The economic development experienced in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the late nineties of the twentieth century AD helped to strengthen its foreign trade relations with many countries of the world, whether with the Arab countries, or in Europe, specifically with Italy, Austria, and Germany, and Bosnia and Herzegovina relies on land and air transportation in Exporting many local products to those countries with which they have economic relations.