Table of Contents
The Seven Wonders of the World
Civilizations throughout the ages created many buildings, tombs, temples, churches, in addition to mosques, and many other landmarks, which led to the emergence of the concept of the Seven Wonders of the World, which refers to the seven most impressive and surprising ancient buildings in the world. The creation of several lists, each of which contained different milestones, to be adopted in the end, which were classified by the ancient Greek historians, to constitute the seven wonders of the ancient world, and recently the American Society of Civil Engineers chose seven new milestones to constitute the seven new wonders of the world. World.
The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
The reason why most of the features of the ancient seven wonders of the world do not remain in existence until now is due to many different reasons that have passed through history; whether those from human actions such as wars, or due to natural factors such as earthquakes and weather factors, but these features and wonders are still present in the minds of People and their imaginations, even after a long period of their demise, by telling different stories about them and imagining the way they were.
The pyramid of Khufu
The pyramid of Khufu or the pyramid of Giza (modern name: the Great Pyramid) is the only remaining monument to this day, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, as it is located in New Cairo in Egypt, specifically in Giza Governorate. The construction of this great architectural edifice began during the reign of Pharaoh Khufu and continued its construction for nearly 20 years to be completed in the year 2560 BC, and the pyramid occupies the first rank in the order of the oldest wonders of the ancient world, and the opinions of researchers differed on the method of building this engineering marvel, where he led The sheer size of this pyramid and the high accuracy in its construction lead to the emergence of many theories that talk about how it was built and constructed, some of which indicate that approximately twenty thousand workers worked continuously and unparalleled effort for twenty years to complete the construction of the pyramid of Giza.
The Pyramid of Giza is considered one of the three pyramids dedicated to the ancient Pharaoh of Egypt Khufu and his wives, it includes many internal passages and rooms that are believed to have been built to include the sarcophagus of the pharaoh and what it might need to live in the other life – as the Pharaohs believed – and this pyramid was built from a number A large mass of stone blocks is huge in weight, it is believed that it consists of about 2.3 million stones of large stones with a weight of more than 2 tons, some of which reach 15 tons, and studies and theories differed on how to raise these stone blocks to high altitudes, where it reached a height from a surface The Earth is approximately 146 AD, but the disappearance of its summit A. Z to make a length of 139 m approx.
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The hanging gardens of Babylon are considered the royal gardens of King Nebuchadnezzar II, and one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and they were built in the Iraqi city of Babylon, while some other accounts indicate that they were located in the province of Nineveh, and there were numerous narratives and stories describing the greatness of the building and its splendor in these gardens As one of the accounts attributed to the Greek historian Herodotus indicates that the Babylon Gardens were surrounded by external walls of 90 km in length, about 24 m in thickness and 97.5 m in height, as well as in its double interior walls that contained many places of worship, castles, and statues made of art Ah pure gold, and some of the validity of the novel Herodotus and others, but it generally refers to the greatness of the construction and magnificence of construction, which was felt by the visitor’s, this has become parks memory of history; and as a result of the earthquake that hit the second century BC.
Statue of Zeus
What is known as the statue of Zeus is one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, and was built as a tribute to the god Zeus by the Greek sculptor Phidias and a group of his collaborators, in the year 432 BC in the Greek city of Olympia, and was also carved in one of the Greek temples to reach a height Around 12 CE, on a large wooden base, the gold and ivory articles formed the body of the statue, which held with its left hand a mace studded with all kinds of minerals, and with its right hand a small statue of the Greek victory gods bearing the name Nike, while the throne on which it sits is made of A mixture of gemstones E, gold, ebony.
Temple of Artemis
The construction of the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, dates back to the sixth century BC, specifically in the Hellenistic era, and although its remains are currently only the remains of the foundation on which the temple was built in the city of Ephesus or Ephesus, which is currently in Turkey, but the London Museum The British contains in its exhibitions some of the remains of this edifice, and the Temple of Artemis was entirely made of marble and contained many huge columns, in addition to those surrounding it, which numbered 36 columns, as it was rebuilt many times, the first of which was in the second century before Christmas.
Mausolus Mausoleum
The Mausoleum of Mossulus is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It was built shortly after the year 367 A.D. Some believe that its construction belongs to Mossulus, the governor of the Kariya region and founder of the city of Halicarnassus – which is located in Turkey today – at the time to bury him with him after his death as a reward for him for establishing this. The city, and the Mausoleus shrine contains three main components that make up it: the huge hall that contains the tomb room, a group of columns reaching 36 Ionian style, and the pyramid that includes 24 degrees, and the total height of this shrine has reached approximately 43 m, It is also decorated with many different inscriptions Many symbolic meanings to refer to hunting, battles and sacrifices.
Rhodes Statue
The statue of Rhodes is considered the tallest and largest statue during the Hellenistic period. It was built on the Greek island of Rhodes, which was considered of commercial and economic importance, and the story of establishing this statue began when Antigonius of Macedon sent forces to punish Rhodes for its alliance with Ptolemy I of Egypt, so that the war between the two parties would continue after That is for a whole year, and after the end of this year, Ptolemy sent relief to Rhodes to defeat the soldiers of Antigonius, who numbered 40,000 fighters, leaving behind their materiel and weapons, so the people of Rhodes sold this huge equipment so that they could create a huge statue to thank their gods for victory – as they thought – Rhodes was established with a statue of the sun god Helios, this has remained a towering edifice until its collapse led to the earthquake disintegrated.
Lighthouse of Alexandria
The lighthouse of Alexandria is the last of the seven wonders of the world that was destroyed and destroyed, as a result of many seismic tremors that killed it and made most of them debris. The lighthouse of Alexandria is located in the Pharos Island located in the governorate of Alexandria in Egypt, and Ptolemy the First had the idea of establishing it, but his death prevented that His son started construction work that lasted for an estimated period of 33 years and at a very high cost, and after completing the construction work he reached 91.44 m, to be one of the greatest and longest building monuments built by man, and this lighthouse was lit daily by setting fire to the highest Or Its top.
New Seven Wonders of the World
Seven new wonders were announced in 2007, specifically on the seventh day of July, after the global movement known as “New7Wonders” launched a global vote that was launched from the city of Lisbon to choose seven new wonders of our time, and it was chosen after more voting Out of a hundred million people to choose.
Chichen Itza
Chichen Itza is one of the most prominent landmarks of the Mayan civilization that built on the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula, and its construction was an example of many different building arts that combined Mayan civilization and building arts in Mexico, where this city, which spanned nearly a thousand years, experienced succession. There are many different civilizations on it, which made it a center for regional trade and urban development. This city contains a soccer field with a width of 70 meters and a length of 168 meters, and has witnessed many matches in the rubber ball.
Christ the Redeemer Statue
The statue of the Redeemer Christ in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro is considered one of the seven new wonders of the world, and the most famous symbol of this city, and the idea of its construction is due to the pastor Pedro Maria Boss in the fifties of the nineteenth century who proposed the creation of a Christian teacher working to strengthen the presence of Christianity in Brazil, after If the church was separated from the state after its system of government turned into a republic in 1893 AD, the statue of Christ the Redeemer was established on the summit of Mount Corcovado, which is approximately 700 meters high, and it is worth noting that the statue is approximately 30 meters high without its base, while it reaches 38 meters when calculating the qa Dah.
Colosseum
The Colosseum Amphitheater is considered the largest amphitheater in the Romen Empire for nearly two thousand years, reaching 190 m in length and 155 m in width, and it contains three floors with arched entrances and porticos and is decorated with the classic Corinthian architecture system, and the oval colosseum building is made of stone and concrete, and it is one of the most famous Historic monuments in the italyn capital, Rome, where it is visited by nearly four million people annually, and the Colosseum can accommodate approximately fifty thousand people, and contains a square on which many recreational, sports and cultural events took place, and the external walls have been subject to some ruin as a result A strong earthquake occurred, and in 2011 AD maintenance and restoration work was carried out for this runway, with the aim of keeping its walls from ruin and wear.
Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China extends over 8,851 km, and was formed as a result of the connection of many separate walls that were built to protect the Chinese state from the attacks it was facing from the northern side, by the Chinese Emperor Qin Shi Huang in 200 BC. The borders of the northern side were built the first and oldest of these walls in the period between 700 to 300 BC, and this wall was fortified by converting its walls that were built from soil and rocks into solid stone walls, and after the Manchu invasion of China in the year 1644 AD the weak parts fell in The Great Wall of China, and recently a term was made M him through the reconstruction of some of its parts collapsed.
Machu Picchu
Machu Picchu – a lost city – lies between the Andes mountain ranges in the Cusco region of Peru, at an altitude of 2,430 meters above sea level, and covers an area of approximately 323.74 km2. The walls, terraces and ladders of this city mix with nature, and its design, construction, and advanced irrigation systems are witnessing On the ingenuity of the Inca people in agriculture and architecture, where its construction dates back to the fifteenth century, it is worth noting that the entire city is built of large-sized granite stones stacked on top of each other without any materials linking them, and historically the discovery is due to a series of stages and maps a Drawn by travelers during the years between 1868-1919 AD, it was officially recognized by the Peruvian government in 1874 through a map drawn by German geologist Hermann Göring, and in 1911 AD the American explorer Hiram Bingham claimed his true discovery of the Machu Picchu site that was described as It is the lost city, and after 70 years of this great discovery, the Peruvian government announced this site as a protected area by the state, and UNESCO included Machu Picchu in the list of World Cultural Heritage sites in 1983.
Petra
Petra is located in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in a valley descending between the sandy mountains, where its strategic location was the meeting point between the Arabian Peninsula from the south, the Levant from the north, and during successive historical periods Petra was the capital of the Nabataeans who were from the Arab tribes that made it a prosperous place And an important commercial place, which made the city of Petra a suitable place for housing, so they dug homes, temples, and various cemeteries among the sand stones whose color changed due to sunlight, as the Nabataeans carved out of pink rocks, in addition to that the Nabataeans created a special system for irrigation; Watering crops and public gardens. This city is also distinguished by its charm, ancient cultural heritage, and unique architecture. In addition, Petra includes many monuments, including: Al-Siq and Al-Khazn.
Taj Mahal
Taj Mahal is located in the city of Agra in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, and it is one of the places that symbolizes the immortal love, the tomb of the Mahal was built to express the intense love of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan towards his wife, the Persian princess Mumtaz Mahal, who was called Arjumand Bano Begum before marriage. This memorial is completely built out of white marble, carved walls, and the presence of four minarets, in addition to the swimming pool that reflects a picture of it beautifully, and it is said that 20,000 sculptors, builders and artists contributed to this wonderful work.
The Seven Natural Wonders of the World
The unanimous approval of these regions as natural wonders was agreed upon in the year 1997 AD, represented by the following areas:
Great groove
The Grand Canyon or Grand Canyon is a national park and world heritage site in the state of Arizona, America, and it represents one of the most beautiful natural wonders of the vast natural area, and was formed as a result of the erosion of the edges of the rocks of the Colorado Plateau by the Colorado River, to show a successive group of layers of different rocks that have progressed over the years As a result of the height of the great groove and its distinctive climate, it is a suitable place for many nature lovers and tranquility, as it is considered a holy place for many Indo-American peoples, in addition to attracting many tourists to enjoy the beauty of the scenery Its wonderful.
Paricotin volcano
Baricotan volcano is one of the newest volcanoes on the surface of the earth. It is located in the central western side of Mexico in the western state of Michoacan, to the north side of the summit of Tansitaro. Baricotan volcano is 32 km away from the Uruban region on the western and northwestern side. It started its activity on February 20 From the year 1943 AD in an open field, where fire, ash, and volcanic lava grew out of it, causing heavy losses by burying two villages and hundreds of homes. After a year has passed since this volcano erupted, its conical summit rose by 450 meters to form a cone with a total height of 2,280 m above the surface level The sea, in general 1952, the volcano became dormant after reaching a height of 2,808 m. It is worth noting that the partially buried San Juan Parangaricutero Church located on the edge of the village of Baricotin is considered an attractive tourist attraction in this area.
Aurora Borealis
The aurora borealis or the so-called Aurora phenomenon is a mixture of attractive colors in the sky that captures the viewer in the poles of the northern and southern globe, and this phenomenon occurs as a result of collisions of gaseous particles between the Earth’s atmosphere, and the charged particles emanating from the atmosphere surrounding the sun, to result from these collisions Stunning colored lights vary according to the type of gases that collide with each other, and among the most obvious colors: pink and pale green, in addition to spectra of other colors such as: red, yellow, green, blue, and violet, which form after me several Ashka Kbaka, or scattered clouds, or arches, and reaches a height of between 80 km to 640 km above the Earth’s surface, which makes the glowing sky naturally strange and bewitching.
Victoria Falls
Victoria Falls is located in the Zambezi River, which is the largest river in South Africa, and has a width of 1,700 m. As for its height it reaches 108 m, which makes it the largest waterfall in the world. These waterfalls divide the Zambezi River into two parts, one of which is the broad and steep river known as the Upper Zambezi River The second part is the 100-km-long slope of Patoka Strait.
Rio de Janeiro harbor
There is the port of Rio de Janeiro or January River as it was called in Portuguese or Guanabara Bay in the State of Brazil, and it is the largest bay in the world relative to the volume of water flowing in it, and the reason for its origins is due to the erosion that occurred in the Atlantic Ocean due to erosion and erosion, and the advantage of Rio de Janeiro with the granite monoliths surrounding it, such as the well known 395 m high Pau de Acocar, the Corcovado mountain that rises to 704 m, in addition to Tijuca Forest and Pico de Tijuca summit with a height of 1,021 m, and the Guanabara Bay area contains many picturesque islands , Like Snake Island, and Governor Island.
the great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef in Australia is located on the opposite side of the Queensland coast, and it is a world heritage area, and the largest system of coral reefs in the world, and even the largest region for the diversity of organisms on this great planet with a space so vast that it can be distinguished when seen from space, as its area About 344,400 km2.
The Great Barrier Reef is distinguished by its turquoise coloration, its environments are varied and different, as it contains 600 tropical islands, and more than 900 different islands, such as White Sunday Island, Lizard Island, and Heron Island, in addition to its sparkling coral reefs of different types, as It contains 3000 systems of individual coral reefs, 760 marginal coral reefs i.e. close to the coast, and nearly 300 solid coral reefs, and as a result of this wonderful and unique diversity, a fertile environment has developed to become a habitat for many marine organisms such as plants and animals, especially tuberculosis. The fish that live among the coral reefs, in addition to 134 different species of sharks and stingrays in marine, a huge different seaweed and quantities.
Mount Everest
Mount Everest is located between Tibet and Nepal, and it is the highest mountain on the surface of the earth within the Himalayas with an altitude of about 8.8 km, and the history of the formation of Mount Everest dates back to nearly 60 million years, as a result of the movement of earth plates. Mount Everest has been named relative to the British General Survey and Geography of India George Everest.
Mount Everest is a natural challenge that attracts climbers, despite its difficulty climbing due to the difficult factors surrounding it such as strong winds, lack of oxygen at high altitudes, and avalanches, but this did not constitute an obstacle for more than 700 people to reach the summit Although 150 deaths were recorded while climbing, Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay were the first to reach the summit of Everest in 1953.
Video of the ancient seven wonders of the world
Learn about the ancient Seven Wonders of the World and their locations:
